See our privacy policy for additional details. Learn Site. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Comparing the different types of cells.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in size and the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus? Always Sometimes Multicellular? Never Usually 2. Plant and animal cells show us that eukaryotic cells are diverse. Visible Body Biology Learn more. Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound nuclei. The genetic material lies suspended in the cytoplasm. Animal cells have generally smaller vacuoles which sequester waste products.
Plant cells have larger vacuoles that help maintain water balance. Bacterial cells have larger vacuoles and help to store ions and maintain water balance. Large 80S ribosomes. Small 70s ribosomes. Animal cells have many lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes to break down the molecules and to protect them from foreign bodies. Lysosomes are small and less in plant cells and are not needed as they have a rigid cell wall that protects from foreign bodies that lysosomes digest.
A lysosome is absent in bacterial cells. Animal cells have centrioles located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus. They are made of microtubules and their major function is to assist the cell division process.
Centrioles are absent in plant cells. Centrioles are not present in bacterial cells. Golgi apparatus. Animal cells have larger and fewer Golgi bodies. Plant cells have small and larger numbers of Golgi bodies. There are no Golgi bodies in bacteria. Method of nutrition. Animals cannot produce their own food from simple inorganic substances like carbon-di-oxide and water and depend on other organisms of food.
Hence they are called heterotrophs. Plants make their own food in the presence of sunlight and hence are called autotrophs. Bacteria can obtain energy from the decomposition of dead organisms or by performing photosynthesis.
They are both heterotrophs and autotrophs. In prokaryotes, the ribosomes are made of slightly smaller subunits, called S and S. The difference in types of subunits has allowed scientists to develop antibiotic drugs , such as streptomycin, that attack certain types of infectious bacteria, according to the British Society for Cell Biology.
On the downside, some bacterial toxins and the polio virus use the ribosome differences to their advantage; they're able to identify and attack eukaryotic cells' translation mechanism, or the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins.
Related: 6 superbugs to watch out for. Reproduction : Most eukaryotes reproduce sexually although some protists and single-celled fungi may reproduce through mitosis, which is functionally similar to asexual reproduction. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually, resulting in the offspring being an exact clone of the parent. Some prokaryotic cells also have pili, which are adhesive hair-like projections used to exchange genetic material during a type of sexual process called conjugation, according to Concepts of Biology.
Conjugation can occur in bacteria, protozoans and some algae and fungi. Cell Walls : Most prokaryotic cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and gives shape to the organism.
In eukaryotes, vertebrates don't have a cell wall but plants do. The cell walls of prokaryotes differ chemically from the eukaryotic cell walls of plant cells, which are primarily made of cellulose. In bacteria, for example, the cell walls are composed of peptidoglycans sugars and amino acids , according to Washington University. Live Science. Jump to: The basics Common features Major differences.
Traci Pedersen.
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